The proportion (%) of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli derived from healthy animals[the proportion of antimicrobial resistance in animals]

Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance on 12 agents was carried out between 2011 and 2015. Ampicillin (ABPC) resistance in strains isolated from broilers was observed to exceed 40% in 2015, as was tetracycline (TC) resistance in pig- and broiler-derived strains. On the other hand, cefazolin (CEZ) and gentamicin (GM) resistance was less than 5%. In the realm of critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, resistance rates to cefotaxime (CTX) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) were respectively less than 3% and less than 10%, while no resistance to colistin (CL) was observed. The proportion of cefazolin (CEZ)- and cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant strains in broilers had declined from 2012. This decline is perhaps explained by the intervention to related associations: explaining JVARM data and ordering to withdraw the off-label use of third-generation cephalosporin.[38]