Source
Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (JVARM)
Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance on 8 agents was carried out between 2011 and 2015. Resistance to streptomycin (SM), tetracycline (TC), nalidixic acid (NA), and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) exceeding 50% was observed in pig-derived strains in 2015. On the other hand, ampicillin (ABPC) resistance was less than 10% and no resistance to chloramphenicol (CP) was observed. Resistance to CPFX, which is a critically important antimicrobial for human medicine, was 57.9%.
No data for cattle, broilers, and layers were listed, because the number of strains was smaller than 20 in each year.
* While GM was also included in the scope of survey, the proportion of GM resistant strains was not listed because BP could not be established.
† BP follows CLSI Criteria.
"Source: Nippon AMR One Health Report (NAOR) 2018"